论文标题：The impact of government incentives and penalties on willingness to recycle plastic waste: An evolutionary game theory perspective (政府奖惩措施对废旧塑料回收再利用意愿的影响：演化博弈论的视角)

期刊：Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

作者：Zhen Wang（王震）, Jiazhen Huo（霍佳震）, Yongrui Duan（段永瑞）

发表时间：15 January 2020

DOI：10.1007/s11783-019-1208-2

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随着聚合物材料行业的快速发展，塑料产品已经渗透到日常生活和生产的各个领域。随之而来的是数量惊人的废旧塑料。这不仅污染了土壤、河流和海洋，还阻碍了动植物生长，甚至危害了人类健康。从环境保护和资源节约的角度来看，回收再利用是处理废旧塑料的理想方法。尽管政府采取了一系列促进废旧塑料回收再利用的激励措施，但是效果并不令人满意。这主要是因为存在相关参与者利用激励措施和惩罚措施的政策漏洞以牟取非法利益，例如秘密倾倒废旧塑料。因此，为了提高相关参与者的积极性，并推动参与者履行应尽的责任和义务，合理的政府奖惩措施是十分重要的。在以往的相关研究中，大多数文献都忽略了政府在废旧塑料回收再利用过程中的作用以及政府奖惩措施整体干预效果的研究。

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering（环境科学与工程前沿）期刊发表的一项研究The impact of government incentives and penalties on willingness to recycle plastic waste: An evolutionary game theory perspective将政府与回收者和再利用者一同纳入废旧塑料回收再利用的三方动态演化博弈模型中，探讨政府激励措施和惩罚措施对多个参与者进行废旧塑料回收再利用意愿的动态影响，并给出了合理制定激励措施和惩罚措施的建议。研究结果表明：激励措施和惩罚措施的增加都可以提高废旧塑料回收者和再利用者参与回收再利用的可能；与补贴激励措施相比，政策扶持激励措施可以推动回收者和再利用者更早地参与废旧塑料回收再利用；与废旧塑料回收者相比，废旧塑料再利用者对惩罚措施更加敏感。

摘要图 废旧塑料回收的三方动态进化博弈模型

同时，本文提出在未来的相关研究中，可将废旧塑料的来源考虑到模型中，同时研究除政府参与之外的其他方法对利益相关者参与废旧塑料回收再利用意愿的影响。此外，根据国家或地区的不同，可以考虑单一干预机制或不涉及政府干预的情况，以研究利益相关者参与废旧塑料回收再利用的意愿。

摘要：

• Punishments increase the participation probability of collectors and recyclers.

• Policy-sponsored incentives make collectors and recyclers to participate earlier.

• Recyclers are more sensitive to government punishments than collectors.

Because governments have introduced policies involving incentives and penalties to promote the recycling of plastic waste, it is important to understand the impact of such incentives and penalties on the willingness of stakeholders to participate. In this study, government is included as a player, alongside waste collectors and recyclers, in a tripartite evolutionary game model of plastic waste recycling. The study explores the evolutionary equilibrium and performs a simulation analysis to elucidate the effect of government incentives and penalties on the willingness of other players to participate in recycling. Three conclusions are drawn from this research. First, an increase in incentives or in penalties increases the probability that collectors and recyclers will participate in the recycling process. Second, policy support incentives encourage collectors and recyclers to participate in plastic waste recycling earlier than subsidy incentives do. Finally, recyclers are more sensitive than collectors to government-imposed penalties.

（来源：科学网）