美国波士顿大学Mark W. Howe小组的研究发现纹状体多巴胺编码与值分离的轨迹误差。这一研究成果发表在2026年2月11日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

在这里，该团队证明了线索诱发的纹状体多巴胺释放在小鼠中编码双向轨迹错误，反映了相对于最佳目标轨迹，正在进行的运动的速度和方向之间的关系。轨迹误差信号可以从运动或视觉流中计算出来，并且独立于反映学习线索值的同时多巴胺增加。在混合感觉运动输入的标准强化学习算法中，通过奖励预测误差项再现联合轨迹误差和线索值编码。

然而，这两个信号具有不同的状态空间要求，这表明它们可能来自具有不同神经输入的共同强化学习算法。纹状体范围内的多纤维阵列测量解决了轨迹误差和线索值的重叠，但在时间上和解剖上是可分离的，这表明了用于动机和指导的功能不同的多巴胺信号如何在纹状体区域之间多路复用，以促进目标导向的行为。

据介绍，目标导向导航需要动物不断地评估它们当前的方向和相对于地标的行进速度，以辨别它们是在接近还是偏离目标。纹状体多巴胺释放表明线索的奖励预测价值，可能有助于动机，但尚不清楚多巴胺如何结合动物的持续轨迹来进行有效的行为指导。

附：英文原文

Title: Striatum-wide dopamine encodes trajectory errors separated from value

Author: Brown, Eleanor H., Zi, Yihan, Vu, Mai-Anh, Bouabid, Safa, Lindsey, Jack, Godfrey-Nwachukwu, Chinyere, Attarwala, Aaquib, Litwin-Kumar, Ashok, DePasquale, Brian, Howe, Mark W.

Issue&Volume: 2026-02-11

Abstract: Goal-directed navigation requires animals to continuously evaluate their current direction and speed of travel relative to landmarks to discern whether they are approaching or deviating from their goal. Striatal dopamine release signals the reward-predictive value of cues1,2, probably contributing to motivation3,4, but it is unclear how dopamine incorporates an animal’s ongoing trajectory for effective behavioural guidance. Here we demonstrate that cue-evoked striatal dopamine release in mice encodes bidirectional trajectory errors reflecting the relationship between the speed and direction of ongoing movement relative to optimal goal trajectories. Trajectory error signals could be computed from locomotion or visual flow, and were independent from simultaneous dopamine increases reflecting learned cue value. Joint trajectory error and cue-value encoding were reproduced by the reward prediction error term in a standard reinforcement learning algorithm with mixed sensorimotor inputs. However, these two signals had distinct state space requirements, suggesting that they could arise from a common reinforcement learning algorithm with distinct neural inputs. Striatum-wide multifibre array measurements resolved overlapping, yet temporally and anatomically separable, representations of trajectory error and cue value, indicating how functionally distinct dopamine signals for motivation and guidance are multiplexed across striatal regions to facilitate goal-directed behaviour.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-10083-1

Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10083-1