生物多样性丧失可能具有一个隐藏维度——即便在物种表面恢复力尚存的情况下，遗传多样性也在发生隐秘侵蚀。研究人员通过比较中国西南生物多样性热点地区高黎贡山62种鸣禽的历史基因组与现代基因组，量化了遗传多样性的变化。他们发现基因组平均丧失43%至49%；且出乎意料的是，常见物种受到的影响不成比例地更大。研究人员认为，这种丧失主要由栖息地破碎化驱动（并受扩散能力缓解），并表明其超过了此前的估计和保护政策阈值。被鉴定为多样性丧失的物种在国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录中仍被列为“无危”，暴露出灭绝风险监测中的一个盲点。研究人员呼吁将基因组指标迅速纳入全球保护框架。
附：英文原文
Title: Genomic erosion across avifauna in a biodiversity hotspot sounds a conservation alarm
Author: Ri Liu, Yadan Liu, Fei Wu, Dao Yan, Feng Dong
Issue&Volume: 2026-10-29
Abstract: Loss of biodiversity can have a hidden dimension—the cryptic erosion of genetic diversity even in the face of apparent species resilience. We quantified changes in genetic diversity by comparing historical and modern genomes of 62 songbird species from the Gaoligong Mountains, a biodiversity hotspot in southwestern China. We identified genomic loss averaging between 43 and 49%; and, unexpectedly, common species were disproportionately affected. We argue that this loss was driven primarily by habitat fragmentation (and mitigated by dispersal ability) and show that it exceeds prior estimates and conservation policy thresholds. Species identified as having lost diversity continue to be listed as “Least Concern” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species, exposing a blind spot in extinction risk monitoring. We call for genomic metrics to be rapidly integrated into global conservation frameworks.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aef3063
Source:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aef3063