近日，美国加州理工学院Yang Liu团队报道了一块形成于41亿年前的火星陨石为火星早期地壳和地幔提供了样本。2026年10月29日，《科学》杂志发表了这一成果。
火星陨石记录了这颗行星的地质历史。然而，大多数火星陨石是地质上年轻的样本，不能代表以古老岩石为主的火星表面。
研究组描述了火星陨石Teghaza 001（Teg 001），这是一块至少形成于41亿年前的缓慢冷却火成岩。其成分、矿物学和结构与其他火星陨石不同。研究组确定Teg 001是古老地壳的样本，其源自一个地球化学上独特、具有原始组成的地幔源区。水蚀变矿物的存在，结合全岩和矿物特异性氧同位素测量，表明Teg 001在被撞击抛射入太空之前，曾与富集18O的流体发生反应。
附：英文原文
Title: A Martian meteorite that formed 4.1 billion years ago samples Mars’ early crust and mantle
Author: Yang Liu, Lee M. Saper, Elizabeth Ann Bell, Chi Ma, Haoyu Li, Jinping Hu, Yunbin Guan, Hayward Melton, Alicia M. Cruz-Uribe, Teng Ee Yap, Franois L.H. Tissot, Claire E. Bucholz, Karen Ziegler, Carl B. Agee
Issue&Volume: 2026-10-29
Abstract: Martian meteorites provide a record of the planet’s geological history. However, most are geologically young samples that are not representative of Mars’ surface, which is dominated by ancient rocks. We describe the Martian meteorite Teghaza 001 (Teg 001), a slowly cooled igneous rock that formed at least 4.1 billion years ago. Its composition, mineralogy, and texture are distinct from other Martian meteorites. We determine that Teg 001 is a sample of ancient crust, which formed from a geochemically distinct mantle source with primordial composition. The presence of aqueously altered minerals, combined with bulk and mineral-specific oxygen isotope measurements, indicate that Teg 001 experienced reactions with fluids enriched in 18O, before ejection into space by an impact.
DOI: 10.1126/science.adz5646
Source:https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz5646