北京航空航天大学王广胜教授团队的一项最新研究，研制了雷达-太赫兹-红外兼容隐身的同轴银纳米线@碳纳米绳状气凝胶。该项研究成果发表在2025年1月6日出版的《德国应用化学》上。

在雷达-太赫兹-红外波段实现多频谱兼容隐身，具有优异的性能，这样的材料具有广阔的军用和民用应用前景。然而，由于不同电磁波波段频率耦合特性的显著变化，材料的进展遇到了实质性的挑战。

该研究提出了一种多尺度结构的设计，并制造了一种轻质气凝胶（银纳米线@碳纳米绳状气凝胶, AgNW@C），由普通的同轴纳米电缆组成，以银纳米线为核心，非晶石墨化杂化碳为外层。

该设计利用了一维导电网络和电耦合异质界面，银纳米线的低红外发射，以及气凝胶中三维孔隙结构的保温性。这一构想实现了在一种集成材料中，实现多光谱兼容隐身的长期目标。

AgNW@C气凝胶在千兆赫波段的最佳反射损耗为-66.50 dB，有效吸收带宽为8.80 GHz；在太赫兹波段的平均总屏蔽性能为71.92 dB，反射损耗超过50.00 dB。

此外，该气凝胶具有出色的红外隐身能力，红外发射率低至0.28，在200℃下的保温温度高达150℃。这些特殊的性能使气凝胶在电磁保护方面具有潜在的应用前景。

附：英文原文

Title: Radar-Terahertz-Infrared Compatible Stealth Coaxial Silver Nanowire@Carbon Nano-cable Aerogel

Author: Hualong Peng, Bo Cai, Yu Zhang, Longcheng Gao, Pei-Yan Zhao, Lu Zhou, Shan Zhang, Wen-Hao Liang, Qi-Fan Xuan, Martin C. Koo, Chen-Ming Liang, Wen-Ping Li, Zhi-Ling Hou, Tao Zhou, Guang-Sheng Wang

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-06

Abstract: Achieving multi-spectrum compatible stealth in radar-terahertz-infrared bands with robust performance has great prospects for both military and civilian applications. However, the progress of materials encounters substantial challenges due to the significant variability in frequency coupling properties across different electromagnetic wave bands. Here, this work presents the design of a multi-scale structure and fabricates a lightweight aerogel (silver nanowire@carbon, AgNW@C) consisting of a regular coaxial nano-cable, with silver nanowire as the core and amorphous-graphitized hybrid carbon as the outer-layer. The design utilizes the one-dimensional conductive network and electric coupling heterogeneous interface, the low infrared emission of silver nanowires, and the thermal insulation caused by three-dimensional pore structure found in aerogels. This conception achieves the long-standing goal of multi-spectrum compatible stealth in an integrated material. The AgNW@C aerogel exhibits an optimal reflection loss of -66.50 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.80 GHz in the gigahertz band, while an average total shielding performance of 71.92 dB and over 50.00 dB reflection loss in the terahertz band. Furthermore, the  aerogel demonstrates remarkable infrared stealth capabilities with a low infrared emissivity of 0.28 and thermal insulation up to 150℃ under 200℃. These exceptional properties allow the aerogel for potential applications in electromagnetic protection.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202421090

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202421090