天津大学余光辉团队在最新研究中，对自然生态系统中真菌生物量对土壤持久性碳的贡献进行了概念性建模。这一研究成果发表在2025年1月7日出版的国际学术期刊《中国科学：地球科学》上。

据悉，真菌通过其渗出物和死亡残留物（坏死物质），在土壤有机质的形成和稳定中起着至关重要的作用。然而，目前尚不清楚真菌是如何在跨越生物群落的千年尺度上，促进土壤中碳的持久性的。

本研究通过将真菌碳储量与主要生物群落中的矿物相关碳储量联系起来，填补了该领域的知识空白。研究显示，六个生物群落土壤中的真菌生物量，和活性矿物相关碳储量之间存在的强相关性，表明真菌在全球土壤碳持久性中起到了重要作用。高空间分辨率纳米二级离子质谱法表明，真菌可能通过与活性矿物和风化纳米颗粒的紧密物理连接，形成有机矿物结合来稳定碳。

研究人员提出了一个强调菌丝-矿物相互作用的二元作用的概念模型：(i)真菌通过在菌丝-矿物界面上产生活性氧来加速有机物分解；（ii）真菌将其残留物稳定在矿物表面，使得土壤具有千年持久性。

总之，真菌在生态系统中发挥着基础性作用，其范围超出了持久性碳的分解。研究结果强调，它们对于稳定矿物表面的碳至关重要，从而促进从快速生物循环中长期去除碳。

附：英文原文

Title: Contribution of fungal biomass to persistent soil carbon across natural ecosystems

Author: Xiang WANG, Guang-Hui YU, Yakov KUZYAKOV, Bo-Hao YIN, Andreas KAPPLER, Cong-Qiang LIU

Issue&Volume: 2025/01/07

Abstract: Fungi are known to be crucial in the formation and stabilization of soil organic matter through their exudates and dead residues (necromass). Yet, it remains unclear how fungi contribute to the persistence of carbon in soils over millennial scales across biomes. Here, this study fills the knowledge gap by linking fungal carbon stocks with minerals-associated carbon stocks across major biomes. A strong correlation between fungal biomass and reactive mineral-associated carbon stocks in soils across six biomes supports the substantial role of fungi in soil carbon persistence at the global level. High spatial resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that fungi may stabilize carbon by forming organo-mineral associations through their close physical connection to reactive minerals and weathered nanoparticles. We propose a conceptual model that emphasizes the dualistic role of hypha-mineral interactions: (i) fungi accelerate organic matter decomposition by producing reactive oxygen species on the hypha-mineral interfaces, and (ii) fungi stabilize their residues on mineral surfaces, leading to millennial scale persistence of soil C. Concluding, fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystems that extends beyond the decomposition of persistent carbon. They are crucial in stabilizing carbon on mineral surfaces, thereby facilitating the long-term removal of carbon from rapid biotic cycling.

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1474-2

Source: https://www.sciengine.com/10.1007/s11430-024-1474-2