瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院高山与极地研究中心Ezzat, Lela和Battin, Tom J.团队，报道了冰川补给-河流中细菌微生物群的多样性和生物地理学。2025年1月1日，国际知名学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

研究人员利用宏条形码和宏基因组学，地球主要山脉的152各GFSs的底栖微生物组中的细菌进行了全面调查。结果显示，GFS细菌微生物组在分类和功能上与其他冰冻圈微生物组不同。GFS细菌种类繁多，其中一半以上是特定山脉所特有的，一些是单一GFS所特有的，还有一些是世界性的，数量众多。研究人员展示了地理隔离和环境选择是如何塑造其生物地理的，其特征是在山脉和半球之间具有独特的组成模式。

系统发育分析进一步揭示了环境选择产生的微生物多样性分支，可能促进了功能恢复能力，并有利于GFS细菌多样性和生物地理学。研究结果强调，气候导致的冰川萎缩使这种独特的微生物群处于危险之中。该研究为未来在消失的GFS生态系统上进行气候变化微生物学研究提供了全球参考。

据了解，高山冰川的迅速融化和河流的消失是气候变化的象征。冰川补给河流（GFS）是一种由微生物生物膜主导的寒冷、贫营养和不稳定的生态系统。然而，目前关于GFS微生物组学的研究较少，妨碍了人们对其对冰川收缩响应的理解。

附：英文原文

Title: Diversity and biogeography of the bacterial microbiome in glacier-fed streams

Author: Ezzat, Lela, Peter, Hannes, Bourquin, Massimo, Busi, Susheel Bhanu, Michoud, Grgoire, Fodelianakis, Stilianos, Kohler, Tyler J., Lamy, Thomas, Geers, Aileen, Pramateftaki, Paraskevi, Baier, Florian, Marasco, Ramona, Daffonchio, Daniele, Deluigi, Nicola, Wilmes, Paul, Styllas, Michail, Schn, Martina, Tolosano, Matteo, De Staercke, Vincent, Battin, Tom J.

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-01

Abstract: The rapid melting of mountain glaciers and the vanishing of their streams is emblematic of climate change. Glacier-fed streams (GFSs) are cold, oligotrophic and unstable ecosystems in which life is dominated by microbial biofilms. However, current knowledge on the GFS microbiome is scarce, precluding an understanding of its response to glacier shrinkage. Here, by leveraging metabarcoding and metagenomics, we provide a comprehensive survey of bacteria in the benthic microbiome across 152GFSs draining the Earth’s major mountain ranges. We find that the GFS bacterial microbiome is taxonomically and functionally distinct from other cryospheric microbiomes. GFS bacteria are diverse, with more than half being specific to a given mountain range, some unique to single GFSs and a few cosmopolitan and abundant. We show how geographic isolation and environmental selection shape their biogeography, which is characterized by distinct compositional patterns between mountain ranges and hemispheres. Phylogenetic analyses furthermore uncovered microdiverse clades resulting from environmental selection, probably promoting functional resilience and contributing to GFS bacterial biodiversity and biogeography. Climate-induced glacier shrinkage puts this unique microbiome at risk. Our study provides a global reference for future climate-change microbiology studies on the vanishing GFS ecosystem.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08313-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08313-z