美国国立卫生研究院Heinz Feldmann等研究人员，合作揭示了牛H5N1 2.3.4.4b亚型感染在猕猴中的发病机制。相关论文于2025年1月15日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员表示，自2022年初以来，美国各地报告了野生水鸟和家禽感染高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1病毒的病例，并且病毒已溢出至多个哺乳动物物种。2024年3月，HPAIV H5N1 2.3.4.4b亚型首次在美国德克萨斯州的奶牛中被检测到，并继续在多个州的奶牛农场上流行。感染的奶牛的奶产量和质量下降，牛奶中的高病毒滴度引发了，对包括人类在内的哺乳动物通过消费暴露的担忧。

附：英文原文

Title: Pathogenesis of bovine H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in Macaques

Author: Rosenke, Kyle, Giffin, Amanda, Kaiser, Franziska, Altynova, Ekaterina, Mukesh, Reshma, Flagg, Meaghan, Tipih, Thomas, Goldin, Kerry, Wickenhagen, Arthur, Williamson, Brandi N., Gallogly, Shane, Leventhal, Shanna S., Lutterman, Tessa, Okumura, Atsushi, Lewis, Matthew C., Kanakabandi, Kishore, Martens, Craig, Yinda, Kwe C., Rao, Deepashri, Smith, Brian J., Shaia, Carl, Saturday, Greg, Hanley, Patrick, van Doremalen, Neeltje, de Wit, Emmie, Munster, Vincent J., Feldmann, Heinz

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-15

Abstract: Since early 2022 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have been reported in wild aquatic birds and poultry throughout the United States (US) with spillover into several mammalian species1-6. In March 2024, HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b was first detected in dairy cows in Texas, US and continues to circulate on dairy farms in multiple states7,8. Milk production and quality are diminished in infected dairy cows, with high virus titers in milk raising concerns of exposure to mammals including humans through consumption9-12. Here we investigated routes of infection with bovine HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in cynomolgus macaques, a surrogate model for human infection13. We show that intranasal or intratracheal inoculation of macaques could cause systemic infection resulting in mild and severe respiratory disease, respectively. In contrast, infection by the orogastric route resulted in limited infection and seroconversion of macaques which remained subclinical.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08609-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08609-8