美国麻省理工学院Ila Fiete研究小组揭示来自海马空间支架的情节记忆和联结记忆。2025年1月15日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员提出了一种新皮层-内嗅皮层-海马网络模型，能够实现高容量的广义联结记忆、空间记忆和情节记忆。通过将内容存储与生成纠错稳定状态的动态分开，该回路（被称之为向量海马支架异联记忆（Vector-HaSH））避免了先前记忆模型的记忆崖问题，而是表现出存储项数与回忆细节之间的平衡折衷。

基于网格细胞状态的预结构化内部支架，对于构建非空间性情节记忆至关重要，它通过将链式问题抽象为学习低维度过渡的问题，使得高容量的序列记忆成为可能。Vector-HaSH复现了多个关于空间映射和基于情境的表征的海马实验，并提供了记忆运动员使用的“记忆宫殿”回路模型。

因此，这项工作为海马在空间映射以及联结记忆和情节记忆中的作用提供了统一的理解。

据介绍，大脑中的海马回路使得两种不同的认知功能得以实现：构建用于导航的空间地图和存储顺序的情节记忆。尽管在海马空间表征的建模方面已有一些进展，人们仍缺乏良好的模型来解释其在情节记忆中的作用。

附：英文原文

Title: Episodic and associative memory from spatial scaffolds in the hippocampus

Author: Chandra, Sarthak, Sharma, Sugandha, Chaudhuri, Rishidev, Fiete, Ila

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-15

Abstract: Hippocampal circuits in the brain enable two distinct cognitive functions: the construction of spatial maps for navigation, and the storage of sequential episodic memories1,2,3,4,5. Although there have been advances in modelling spatial representations in the hippocampus6,7,8,9,10, we lack good models of its role in episodic memory. Here we present a neocortical–entorhinal–hippocampal network model that implements a high-capacity general associative memory, spatial memory and episodic memory. By factoring content storage from the dynamics of generating error-correcting stable states, the circuit (which we call vector hippocampal scaffolded heteroassociative memory (Vector-HaSH)) avoids the memory cliff of prior memory models11,12, and instead exhibits a graceful trade-off between number of stored items and recall detail. A pre-structured internal scaffold based on grid cell states is essential for constructing even non-spatial episodic memory: it enables high-capacity sequence memorization by abstracting the chaining problem into one of learning low-dimensional transitions. Vector-HaSH reproduces several hippocampal experiments on spatial mapping and context-based representations, and provides a circuit model of the ‘memory palaces’ used by memory athletes13. Thus, this work provides a unified understanding of the spatial mapping and associative and episodic memory roles of the hippocampus.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08392-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08392-y