加拿大湖首大学Han Y. H. Chen等研究人员合作发现，元分析揭示了植物多样性对生产力的全球性影响差异。2025年1月8日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这一最新研究成果。

基于对全球452个实验的元分析，研究人员发现从单一作物到物种混合（物种丰富度平均为2.6）的生产力平均增加了15.2%。净生物多样性效应在草原和森林实验中较强，而在容器、农田和水生生态系统中较弱。在净生物多样性效应中，互补效应和选择效应分别贡献了65.6%和34.4%。

互补效应随着系统发育多样性的增加、氮固定物种与非氮固定物种的混合，以及叶片氮含量的功能多样性而增强，这表明生态位分配、生物反馈和非生物促进在互补效应中发挥了关键作用。选择效应则在单一作物的，物种生物量不平等程度较高时更为显著。互补效应随着时间的推移而增加，而选择效应则随时间减少，并且它们在不同气候条件下保持一致。

这些研究结果为理解植物多样性，对生产力影响的全球性差异提供了关键见解，并强调了将互补效应和选择效应，结合到生物多样性保护和生态恢复策略中的重要性。

据悉，植物多样性对生产力的积极影响已在全球范围内得到证明，并且通过两种主要效应来解释——互补效应和选择效应。然而，植物多样性实验中这些效应存在显著差异，且其驱动因素尚不完全明了。

附：英文原文

Title: Meta-analysis reveals global variations in plant diversity effects on productivity

Author: Chen, Chen, Xiao, Wenya, Chen, Han Y. H.

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-08

Abstract: Positive effects of plant diversity on productivity have been globally demonstrated and explained by two main effects: complementarity effects and selection effects1,2,3,4. However, plant diversity experiments have shown substantial variation in these effects, with driving factors poorly understood4,5,6. On the basis of a meta-analysis of 452 experiments across the globe, we show that productivity increases on average by 15.2% from monocultures to species mixtures with an average species richness of 2.6; net biodiversity effects are stronger in grassland and forest experiments and weaker in container, cropland and aquatic ecosystems. Of the net biodiversity effects, complementarity effects and selection effects contribute 65.6% and 34.4%, respectively. Complementarity effects increase with phylogenetic diversity, the mixing of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing species and the functional diversity of leaf nitrogen contents, which indicate the key roles of niche partitioning, biotic feedback and abiotic facilitation in complementarity effects. More positive selection effects occur with higher species biomass inequality in their monocultures. Complementarity effects increase over time, whereas selection effects decrease over time, and they remain consistent across global variations in climates. Our results provide key insights into understanding global variations in plant diversity effects on productivity and underscore the importance of integrating both complementarity and selection effects into strategies for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08407-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08407-8