研究人员展示了来自婆罗洲一项大规模研究的热带森林伐木和转为油棕种植园的影响的广泛生态系统分析，综合了82个变量的响应。这些变量被分为四个生态层次，涵盖了广泛的生态系统属性：（i）结构和环境，（ii）物种特征，（iii）生物多样性，以及（iv）生态系统功能。响应具有高度异质性，且通常复杂且呈非线性。
受木材提取物理过程直接影响的变量，如土壤结构，对即使是适度的伐木也非常敏感，而生物多样性和生态系统功能的测量一般对伐木具有较强的恢复力，但在转为油棕种植园时则受到更大影响。
据悉，热带森林退化和砍伐对生态系统的影响尚不完全了解，特别是在景观尺度上。
附：英文原文
Title: Tropical forest clearance impacts biodiversity and function, whereas logging changes structure
Author: Charles J. Marsh, Edgar C. Turner, Benjamin Wong Blonder, Boris Bongalov, Sabine Both, Rudi S. Cruz, Dafydd M. O. Elias, David Hemprich-Bennett, Palasiah Jotan, Victoria Kemp, Ully H. Kritzler, Sol Milne, David T. Milodowski, Simon L. Mitchell, Milenka Montoya Pillco, Matheus Henrique Nunes, Terhi Riutta, Samuel J. B. Robinson, Eleanor M. Slade, Henry Bernard, David F. R. P. Burslem, Arthur Y. C. Chung, Elizabeth L. Clare, David A. Coomes, Zoe G. Davies, David P. Edwards, David Johnson, Pavel Kratina, Yadvinder Malhi, Noreen Majalap, Reuben Nilus, Nicholas J. Ostle, Stephen J. Rossiter, Matthew J. Struebig, Joseph A. Tobias, Mathew Williams, Robert M. Ewers, Owen T. Lewis, Glen Reynolds, Yit Arn Teh, Andy Hector
Issue&Volume: 2025-01-10
Abstract: The impacts of degradation and deforestation on tropical forests are poorly understood, particularly at landscape scales. We present an extensive ecosystem analysis of the impacts of logging and conversion of tropical forest to oil palm from a large-scale study in Borneo, synthesizing responses from 82 variables categorized into four ecological levels spanning a broad suite of ecosystem properties: (i) structure and environment, (ii) species traits, (iii) biodiversity, and (iv) ecosystem functions. Responses were highly heterogeneous and often complex and nonlinear. Variables that were directly impacted by the physical process of timber extraction, such as soil structure, were sensitive to even moderate amounts of logging, whereas measures of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning were generally resilient to logging but more affected by conversion to oil palm plantation.
DOI: adf9856
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf9856