美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学Philip A. Mudd等研究人员合作揭示，mRNA疫苗接种后体内的CD4⁺ T细胞在淋巴结和血液中表现出不同的转录表型。相关论文于2024年8月20日在线发表在《自然—免疫学》杂志上。

研究人员使用单细胞转录组学评估了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突蛋白特异性CD4⁺ T细胞，在接种BNT162b2 mRNA疫苗后3个月和6个月内的血液和引流淋巴结（dLN）中的反应。

研究人员分析了1277个刺突蛋白特异性CD4⁺ T细胞，其中包括使用深度学习反向表位映射方法Trex预测抗原特异性的238个细胞。淋巴结中的刺突蛋白特异性CD4⁺滤泡辅助T细胞（T_FH）表现出异质性表型，包括生发中心CD4⁺ T_FH细胞和CD4⁺ IL-10⁺ T_FH细胞。

对SARS-CoV-2感染者在感染后3个月和6个月的独立队列分析显示，这些人群中血液中的刺突蛋白特异性CD4⁺ T细胞表现，与接种BNT162b2疫苗后3个月和6个月的血液中检测到的特征有所不同。该研究为SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种，或感染后的淋巴结和血液中的刺突蛋白特异性CD4⁺ T细胞转录表型提供了图谱。

据了解，SARS-CoV-2感染和mRNA疫苗接种会引发强大的CD4⁺ T细胞反应。

附：英文原文

Title: CD4+ T cells exhibit distinct transcriptional phenotypes in the lymph nodes and blood following mRNA vaccination in humans

Author: Borcherding, Nicholas, Kim, Wooseob, Quinn, Michael, Han, Fangjie, Zhou, Julian Q., Sturtz, Alexandria J., Schmitz, Aaron J., Lei, Tingting, Schattgen, Stefan A., Klebert, Michael K., Suessen, Teresa, Middleton, William D., Goss, Charles W., Liu, Chang, Crawford, Jeremy Chase, Thomas, Paul G., Teefey, Sharlene A., Presti, Rachel M., OHalloran, Jane A., Turner, Jackson S., Ellebedy, Ali H., Mudd, Philip A.

Issue&Volume: 2024-08-20

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mRNA vaccination induce robust CD4+ T cell responses. Using single-cell transcriptomics, here, we evaluated CD4+ T cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the blood and draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of individuals 3 months and 6 months after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We analyzed 1,277 spike-specific CD4+ T cells, including 238 defined using Trex, a deep learning-based reverse epitope mapping method to predict antigen specificity. Human dLN spike-specific CD4+ follicular helper T (TFH) cells exhibited heterogeneous phenotypes, including germinal center CD4+ TFH cells and CD4+IL-10+ TFH cells. Analysis of an independent cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals 3 months and 6 months after infection found spike-specific CD4+ T cell profiles in blood that were distinct from those detected in blood 3 months and 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination. Our findings provide an atlas of human spike-specific CD4+ T cell transcriptional phenotypes in the dLNs and blood following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection.

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01888-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-024-01888-9