材料科学Materials Science

▲ 作者：Yuqun Lan, Shuang Li, Haitao Guo et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09874-3

▲ 摘要：

研究者描述了一种柔软、可生物降解的无线传感装置，能够远距离（最远16厘米）监测压力、温度与应变，并在不同位置和角度下保持测量精度。这一突破性进展依托“极点移动扫描”读取系统与折叠式结构设计，实现了机械柔性与电磁功能的协同融合。

马匹腹腔活体实验证明，该装置能可靠捕获深部组织压力与温度数据；离体测试则显示其无需严格位置控制即可实现精准应变监测。这种具备远距离、宽角度监测能力的柔性可生物降解植入物，为获取深部组织生理信号提供了具有转化潜力的创新方案。

▲ Abstract：

Here we describe a soft, biodegradable, wireless sensing device that can monitor pressure, temperature and strain over long distances (up to 16 cm), maintaining accuracy across varying positions and angles. This is achieved through a ‘pole-moving sweeping’ readout system combined with a folded structure that integrates mechanical flexibility with electromagnetic function. In vivo tests in the abdominal cavity of horses reliably captured deep-tissue pressure and temperature, and ex vivo measurements demonstrated accurate strain monitoring without strict positional control. The long-distance and wide-angle readout of soft biodegradable implants holds translational promise for accessing deep-tissue physiological signals.

▲ 作者：Zi-Rui Li, Nan Hu et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09877-0

▲ 摘要：

研究者报告了一种在保持能量密度的同时提升充电速率的新策略。该策略基于复合涂层的理性设计，实现了密封热电池内部的滑移强化接触熔化（sCCM）。采用有机相变材料（PCMs），研究者在原型器件中实现了创纪录的功率密度（1,100 ± 2% kW·m?3）。该涂层设计集成了脉冲加热层与类液体滑移表面：前者通过预熔相变材料启动紧密接触熔化过程，后者确保剩余固态材料无障碍下沉，从而在整个充电过程中维持滑移增强熔化模式。研究者建立的模型揭示了滑移表面提升充电速率的作用机制。该策略具有高循环寿命、强适应性与良好扩展性，可推广至多种相变材料体系，为宽温域范围内的高性能热能存储提供了可行路径。

▲ Abstract：

DHere we report a strategy to boost the charging rates without sacrificing energy density, based on a rational design of a composite coating that enables slip-enhanced close-contact melting (sCCM) inside sealed thermal batteries. Using organic PCMs, we demonstrate a record-high power density of 1,100 ± 2% kW m-3 in a prototype. Our coating design integrates a pulse-heated (PH) layer that premelts the PCM to initiate CCM, together with a liquid-like slip surface that ensures unimpeded sinking of the remaining solid and sustains the sCCM mode throughout charging. We develop a model to explain how the slip surface enhances the charging rate. With high cycling life, adaptability and scalability, this strategy is generalizable to diverse PCMs, enabling high-performance thermal energy storage over a wide range of temperatures.

生物学Biology

▲ 作者：Marek Valt, Tomá Pánek et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09750-0

▲ 摘要：

研究者发现了一种名为“Solarion arienae”（新属新种）的单细胞真核生物。这是一种不显眼的自由生活异养原生生物，具有两种形态不同的细胞类型及一类新型捕食性喷射体。研究者将其归为新建立的纤宙门。

该门与噬藻门、半鞭毛虫门以及流星门共同构成了新的真核生物超类群——异质界。值得注意的是，S. arienae的线粒体基因组具有若干重要特征，特别是保留了线粒体编码的secA基因——该基因源于原始α-变形菌的蛋白质分泌通路，在现存生物的线粒体中几乎已完全丢失。S. arienae的发现拓展了对早期真核生物演化的认知，为研究原始线粒体代谢遗迹提供了契机，揭示了远古真核生命形式的复杂性。

▲ Abstract：

Here we report the discovery of such a unicellular eukaryote, Solarion arienae gen. et sp. nov., an inconspicuous, free-living heterotrophic protist with two morphologically distinct cell types and a novel type of predatory extrusome. We assign Solarion to the new phylum Caelestes. Together with Provora, hemimastigophoreans and Meteora, they form a new eukaryotic supergroup, Disparia. Moreover, S. arienae has some noteworthy traits associated with the mitochondrial genome; in particular, the mitochondrially encoded secA gene, a remnant of an ancestral alphaproteobacterial protein secretion pathway, which has been lost almost entirely in extant mitochondria. The discovery of S. arienae broadens our understanding of early eukaryotic evolution and facilitates the study of proto-mitochondrial metabolic remnants, shedding light on the complexity of ancestral eukaryotic life.

医学Medicine

▲ 作者：Lambodhar Damodaran, Anna S. Jaeger & Louise H. Moncla

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09737-x

▲ 摘要：

通过对野生鸟类、家禽及哺乳动物中获取的1818份血凝素基因序列进行分析，研究者发现北美此次大规模动物疫情主要由约9次病毒传入事件引发，这些病毒分别进入大西洋和太平洋候鸟迁徙路线后，通过野生候鸟迅速扩散。疫情传播主要由雁形目鸟类驱动，其他非典型物种仅作为终端宿主。

与2015年的疫情相比，本次家禽疫情暴发源于野生鸟类约46至113次独立的病毒传入事件，且病毒在家禽群体中持续存在长达6个月。后院散养家禽平均比商业化养殖场提前约9天感染，表明其或可作为疫情传播加剧的早期预警信号。

本研究确证野生鸟类是此次疫情扩散的关键驱动因素，这意味着加强野生鸟类监测并制定措施减少野生环境与农业交界处的病毒传播，将成为未来疫情追踪和暴发预防的关键策略。

▲ Abstract：

Here an analysis of 1,818 haemagglutinin sequences from wild birds, domestic birds and mammals reveals that the North American panzootic was driven by around nine introductions into the Atlantic and Pacific flyways, followed by rapid dissemination through wild, migratory birds. Transmission was primarily driven by Anseriformes, while non-canonical species acted as dead-end hosts. In contrast to the epizootic of 2015, outbreaks in domestic birds were driven by around 46–113 independent introductions from wild birds that persisted for up to 6 months. Backyard birds were infected around 9 days earlier on average than commercial poultry, suggesting potential as early-warning signals for transmission upticks. We pinpoint wild birds as critical drivers of the epizootic, implying that enhanced surveillance in wild birds and strategies that reduce transmission at the wild–agriculture interface will be key for future tracking and outbreak prevention.

▲ 作者：Tibebu Habtewold, Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09685-6

▲ 摘要：

研究者成功培育出一种具备非自主基因驱动能力的转基因蚊子品系，该品系能有效抑制从当地自然感染儿童体内分离的、具有遗传多样性的恶性疟原虫。当补充由当地另一种工程改造品系提供的Cas9核酸内切酶时，这些基因修饰能高效遗传给后代。

这项研究将基因驱动技术向实际应用推进了关键一步，为疟疾根除提供了一种基于本地化设计的有力工具——通过在野生蚊群中靶向传播有益的遗传性状来实现疾病防控。

▲ Abstract：

Here we report the generation of a transgenic strain equipped with non-autonomous gene drive capabilities that robustly inhibits genetically diverse P. falciparum isolates obtained from naturally infected children. These genetic modifications were efficiently inherited by progeny when supplemented with Cas9 endonuclease provided by another locally engineered strain. Our work brings gene drive technology a critical step closer to application, providing a locally tailored and powerful tool for malaria eradication through the targeted dissemination of beneficial genetic traits in wild mosquito populations.

天文学Astronomy

▲ 作者：John H. Livingston, Erik A. Petigura et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09840-z

▲ 摘要：

研究者通过一项持续多年的凌星计时变分观测计划，首次解析出该系统中最外侧行星此前未知的公转周期。结合目标观测数据与历史存档数据构建的完整9年时间基线，使我们能够可靠地确定所有四颗行星的质量及轨道参数。研究发现这些行星质量较低（属亚海王星级），轨道接近正圆，暗示其演化历程动态平稳。

较低的质量与较大的半径表明，内层行星在原行星盘消散后经历了快速冷却阶段。然而与同等尺寸的成熟行星相比，其密度仍显著偏低。我们预测这些行星将逐渐收缩至地球半径的1.5—4.0倍，最终成为银河系中普遍存在的超级地球与亚海王星行星群体之一。

▲ Abstract：

Here we present a multi-year campaign to characterize this system with transit-timing variations, a method insensitive to the intense magnetic activity of the star. Through targeted observations, we first resolved the previously unknown orbital period of the outermost planet. The full 9-year baseline from these and archival data then enabled robust determination of the masses and orbital parameters for all four planets. We find the planets have low, sub-Neptune masses and nearly circular orbits, implying a dynamically tranquil history. Their low masses and large radii indicate that the inner planets underwent a period of rapid cooling immediately after dispersal of the protoplanetary disk. Still, they are much less dense than mature planets of comparable size. We predict the planets will contract to 1.5–4.0 Earth radii and join the population of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes that nature produces in abundance.